An Examination of the Impact of Mobile Health Technology on Maternal Healthcare Utilization in Borno State
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Background of the Study
Maternal healthcare remains a significant challenge in Nigeria, particularly in conflict-affected regions such as Borno State, where access to healthcare facilities is limited (WHO, 2024). The high maternal mortality rate in Nigeria, estimated at 512 deaths per 100,000 live births, underscores the urgent need for innovative solutions to improve healthcare accessibility and utilization (NCDC, 2024). One such innovation is mobile health (mHealth) technology, which leverages mobile phones, apps, and messaging services to provide healthcare information, appointment reminders, and emergency response support (Adepoju & Ibrahim, 2024).
In Borno State, insurgency and poor healthcare infrastructure have exacerbated maternal health challenges, leading to low antenatal care attendance, high rates of home deliveries, and limited postnatal care services (UNICEF, 2024). mHealth interventions, such as SMS-based reminders for antenatal visits, telemedicine consultations, and mobile-based emergency response systems, have emerged as potential solutions for bridging the healthcare gap in rural and conflict-prone areas (Osifo & Bala, 2024). However, despite their increasing adoption, the extent to which mHealth technologies influence maternal healthcare utilization in Borno State remains unclear.
This study seeks to examine the impact of mobile health technology on maternal healthcare utilization in Borno State by assessing its effectiveness in improving antenatal care attendance, delivery services, and postnatal care uptake. Understanding the role of mHealth in maternal health service utilization can inform policy decisions and contribute to strategies for reducing maternal mortality.
Statement of the Problem
Nigeria’s maternal health indices remain among the worst globally, with Borno State facing additional challenges due to insecurity, displacement, and poor healthcare access (WHO, 2024). Women in rural areas and internally displaced persons (IDP) camps often lack timely access to healthcare facilities, leading to complications that could have been prevented with proper maternal healthcare (NCDC, 2024). Mobile health technology presents an opportunity to bridge this gap by providing health information, facilitating communication with healthcare providers, and improving emergency response for pregnant women (Adepoju & Ibrahim, 2024).
Despite the promising potential of mHealth, its adoption and effectiveness in improving maternal healthcare utilization in Borno State have not been fully explored (Osifo & Bala, 2024). Challenges such as digital literacy, network connectivity, and cultural barriers may influence the success of mHealth interventions. This study seeks to assess the effectiveness of mHealth in enhancing maternal healthcare utilization and identify the factors influencing its adoption in Borno State.
Objectives of the Study
1. To evaluate the impact of mobile health technology on antenatal care attendance in Borno State.
2. To assess the role of mHealth in improving skilled birth attendance and emergency obstetric care.
3. To identify the barriers and facilitators influencing the adoption of mHealth interventions for maternal healthcare.
Research Questions
1. How does mobile health technology influence antenatal care attendance among pregnant women in Borno State?
2. What role does mHealth play in improving skilled birth attendance and emergency obstetric care?
3. What are the key challenges and enablers of mHealth adoption for maternal healthcare in Borno State?
Research Hypotheses
1. Mobile health technology significantly increases antenatal care attendance in Borno State.
2. The use of mHealth improves skilled birth attendance and emergency obstetric care.
3. Barriers such as digital literacy and network connectivity hinder the effective adoption of mHealth for maternal healthcare.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will focus on pregnant women and healthcare providers in selected healthcare facilities and IDP camps in Borno State. Limitations may include technological constraints, network issues, and reluctance among certain populations to adopt digital health solutions.
Definitions of Terms
• Mobile Health (mHealth) Technology: The use of mobile phones, apps, and digital platforms to deliver healthcare services and information.
• Antenatal Care (ANC): Medical check-ups and healthcare services provided to pregnant women before childbirth.
• Skilled Birth Attendance: The presence of trained healthcare professionals during childbirth.
• Emergency Obstetric Care: Medical interventions provided to manage complications during pregnancy and childbirth.
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